Pancreatitis

What is Pancreatitis?

Pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas. The pancreas is an organ that lies along the beginning of the small intestine and is responsible for the production and secretion of a large number of digestive enzymes. These enzymes do not become active until they are released into the small intestine. In episodes of pancreatitis, these enzymes get activated while still in the pancreas and start an intense inflammatory reaction within the pancreas and surrounding tissue. This inflammatory reaction can also gain access to the blood stream and damage the liver, kidneys, heart and blood vessels. An episode of pancreatitis can be a very mild illness or can be a true life-threatening emergency.

Symptoms

The most common sign in dogs is a sudden onset of vomiting, anorexia, depression and a painful abdomen. Cats usually suffer from chronic, intermittent vomiting.

Diagnosis and Treatment

Diagnosis of pancreatitis is made by the clinical signs, results of blood analysis, x-rays and by ruling out other diseases. Laboratory data can often be inconclusive when trying to confirm pancreatitis so treatment is based on the symptoms and high suspicion of the disease.

Treatment for pancreatitis in severe cases involves intravenous fluid therapy, pain medication, anti-vomiting drugs and rest. Mildly affected animals may respond to a 24 hour fast if their vomiting is not severe and their attitude is good. Once out of the hospital, home care of a pet recovering from pancreatitis involves bland diets, frequent small meals and oral medications. Long term diet changes and/or weight reduction plans may also be necessary.

Prevention

Pancreatitis may not always be preventable. Some breeds ofdogs are genetically predisposed to developing pancreatitis. There are a few things we can do to decrease the risks such as feeding a consistent good quality diet, avoiding high fat treats, and maintaining a lean body weight.

Summary

Pancreatitis can be a very serious and potentially life-threatening disease that should be treated aggressively. Treatment is based on supportive care and allowing the pancreas to "rest." Most pets do recover with the appropriate care.